
Clean Up City of St. Augustine, Florida
In secret, behind locked gates, our Nation's Oldest City dumped a landfill in a lake (Old City Reservoir), while emitting sewage in our rivers and salt marsh. Organized citizens exposed and defeated pollution, racism and cronyism. We elected a new Mayor. We're transforming our City -- advanced citizenship. Ask questions. Make disclosures. Demand answers. Be involved. Expect democracy. Report and expose corruption. Smile! Help enact a St. Augustine National Park and Seashore. We shall overcome!
Sunday, October 25, 2026
Mosquito Control and Overdevelopment

Can Angie Nixon turn out enough young voters to win a U.S. Senate seat? (Silas Morgan, Orlando Sentinel, October 25, 2026)
From Orlando Sentinel:
Can Angie Nixon turn out enough young voters to win a U.S. Senate seat?

Young voters are fired up for U.S. Senate candidate Angie Nixon — but will enough of them show up in November to propel the Democrat to victory in blood-red Florida?
Nixon, the progressive firebrand Florida House member challenging Republican U.S. Senator Ashley Moody, is barnstorming universities across the state in an effort to reach those voters, including visits to the University of Florida last weekend and the University of Central Florida on Tuesday.
Even before Nixon arrived at UCF, the event room at the school’s student union was abuzz, with the chatter of the attendees audible from the outside hallway though the doors were closed. Once she took the stage, the energetic crowd loudly cheered when she mentioned policies like Medicare for All, a $25 minimum wage and a moratorium on data centers.

The crowd jeered just as loudly when Nixon mentioned “lying, cheating, scamming Ashley Moody.” One audience member yelled out “She’s a thief,” to which Nixon agreed.
If you’ll steal from sick kids, you’ll do anything … she’s going to steal from you,” Nixon said, referencing the Hope Florida scandal in which then-Attorney General Moody agreed to divert $10 million from a Medicaid settlement into Republican political activities.
Moody was later tapped to the Senate seat by Gov. Ron DeSantis early last year to succeed Marco Rubio, who left to become President Donald Trump’s secretary of state.
“She was appointed, that was her reward,” Nixon said. “She was appointed to this Senate seat, unelected … Let’s fire her.”
Polls have shown a closer race than expected after Nixon’s upset win in the August Democratic primary. She was within 4 percentage points of Moody in a University of North Florida survey this month, largely spurred by her huge margins of support among younger voters. Nixon led Moody by 68% to 25% among polled voters age 18 to 24 and by 59% to 32% among voters age 25 to 34.
But large margins for Moody among voters 55 and older — a much more reliable voting bloc — helped keep her lead over Nixon.
Nixon’s young supporters at the UCF event said they like her because of her stances on healthcare, wealth inequality, climate change and artificial intelligence, along with the fact she is a fighter, a quality they believe moderate Democrats haven’t shown.
Activating the youth vote has been a hope and a mirage for Democrats in Florida for years, as predictions of increased turnout failed to materialize. “Now at this historic crossroads, youth voters will turn out en masse for Kamala Harris,” Florida Future Leaders chair Jayden D’Onofrio said in 2024.
But of the more than 40 million members of Gen Z eligible to vote nationwide in the 2024 election, 21 million of them did not, according to data from Tufts University. This year, there are almost 50 million members of Gen Z eligible.
Some who attended the UCF event worried about whether Nixon can actually motivate those young non-voters.
“It’s not anything against her, there’s just a trend of young people not generally voting. And I think it’s hard for Angie Nixon herself to move the needle,” said Sebastian Omedas, a 23-year-old mechanical engineering student. “I do see a lot of people in Gen Z being more excited about … populist approaches. I think she has a better shot than other politicians, but I would be kind of skeptical.”
Zachary Thomas, a 19-year-old economics student who attended the event, was more optimistic that Nixon’s the one to finally spur his peers to the polls.
“I really think she’s really bringing something new,” he said, comparing her to New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani. “I don’t know if she’s gotten the Mamdani effect where it’s…almost a political revolution. She just needs to turn [the] politically revolutionary dial just enough. And I think she could sneak it out.”
A recent New York Times poll shows 70% of young voters aged 18 to 29 identified as Democrats or leaned that way — 15 points higher than in the Times’ last poll before the 2024 election and comparable to the numbers at the time of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential win.
Young voters now favor the Democratic candidate for Congress in their district by 44 percentage points, compared with a 10-point margin two years ago, and just 16 percent approve of President Trump’s job performance, at least 11 points lower than any other age group, the Times poll found.

Speaking to reporters before the UCF event, Nixon spoke about her youth turnout strategy.
“I have a lot of young people out here … getting college campuses activated. They’re also going to clubs, they’re going to meet young people where they are,” she said. “We’re going to leave no stone unturned.”
To aid Nixon and other Democrats, People Power for Florida, a youth voter group founded by State Rep. Anna Eskamani, D-Orlando, is organizing three early voting events for young people before the Nov. 3 election, including at UCF, Florida State University and the University of South Florida.
Gregory Koger, a political science professor at the University of Miami, stressed the importance of Nixon winning the younger demographic, which he said usually correlates with the outcome of an election.
“In 2008, Barack Obama got two-thirds of the of young voters. And that was a big part of the reason that he won the election easily,” Koger said. “In 2024, Donald Trump did better than in previous cycles among young voters and it was his his best vote total of the three campaigns.”
Esteban Suarez, a 23-year-old political science student who attended the UCF event, said those younger voters won’t support Republicans this time around.
“They feel betrayed,” he said, adding that most people his age who voted for Trump did it because of Trump’s promises to lower prices. “They’re looking at the situation now and reality is not matching the expectations.”
D’Onofrio, who since his founding of Florida Future Leaders has made runs for state House and state Democratic party leadership, said the same factors that led young people to vote for the GOP in 2024 — an older president and high prices — are now leading them to vote for Democrats.
“I think young voters are always rebellious. They are always going to question the the leadership that we have of our president, whether they’re Democrat or Republican,” he said. “I’ve never seen Democrats have such a large opportunity for young voters. [But] they have to exploit it. They have to make sure all of these voters turn out.”
Malaria risk in the Amazon is higher in regions with intermediate forest degradation. (Acta Tropica via EurekAlert!/American Association for Advancement of Science, July 30, 2025)

May I please have your vote for Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, seat 2? Endorsed by former St. Augustine Beach Mayor S. Gary Snodgrass, who notes the effect of malaria on my family. They called me a "miracle baby" because it took my parents twelve years to conceive their only child: my Father contracted malaria in 1943, in Sicily while fighting the Nazis with the 82nd ABN DIVN. My Father helped liberate the first French town from Hitler on D-Day, June 6, 1944, before the sun even rose that day. Our beloved St. Johns County, Florida is surrounded by greedy putative "developers" that former County Commission Chair Ben Rich, Sr. called land-raping scalawags, "worse than any carptbagger." These "developers" corrupt governments and commit deforestation "crimes against nature," as RFK, Jr. would call it. Deforestation increases the risks of mosquito-borne disease here in what we call God's country. Let me help you. From the American Association for the Advancement of Science:
Malaria risk in the Amazon is higher in regions with intermediate forest degradation
Research shows that areas with 50% deforestation near residential areas or fragmented vegetation allow greater contact between mosquitoes and humans. The study helps us understand the link between forest destruction and the spread of the disease.
Peer-Reviewed PublicationFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
IMAGE:
A LIGHT TRAP FOR MOSQUITOES AT THE EDGE OF THE FOREST. RESEARCH COLLECTED ANOPHELES VECTORS AND BLOOD SAMPLES FROM RESIDENTS OF CRUZEIRO DO SUL IN THE BRAZILIAN STATE OF ACRE
view moreCREDIT: FREDY GALVIS/AMAZÔNIA+10
Amid the preparatory discussions for COP30, which also involve health-related topics, a study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between deforestation and the spread of malaria in the Legal Amazon. This region encompasses all nine Brazilian states in which the Amazon biome is found and was established by the federal government for regional development purposes.
The study shows that intermediate forest cover with 50% deforestation increases human cases of the disease and infection rates by Anopheles mosquitoes, particularly the Nyssorhynchus subgenus.
The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that integrate vector control with forest conservation due to the persistent association between deforestation and disease. Malaria is transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito carrying one or more species of the protozoan Plasmodium. The Anopheles mosquito is also known as nail mosquitoes or marsh mosquitoes.
The researchers conducted field collections at 40 sites in Cruzeiro do Sul, a municipality in the state of Acre located at a deforestation frontier. Along with other towns in the Juruá River Valley, the municipality is considered a persistent hotspot for malaria incidence; interventions over the past decade have not been able to interrupt endemic cycles.
The selected areas represent a gradient of forest cover and deforestation levels. The findings were published in the scientific journal Acta Tropica.
“In our research, we found that the highest risk of malaria transmission occurs when there’s a 50% proportion of native forest near housing, settlements, or population centers. The risk is also high when vegetation is fragmented, allowing greater contact between vectors in the forest and humans. On the other hand, it decreases if deforestation is complete, because the environment becomes inhospitable to the vector, or when the forest is restored to levels above 70%, showing the importance of conservation and restoration,” said Gabriel Laporta, the corresponding author of the article and a biologist.
To assess how landscape structure influences transmission, data on mosquito vector abundance and infection rates, as well as malaria cases in humans, were used. “We found it extremely important to collect not only the vectors, but also blood samples from residents. We tested infectivity in both the vector and host groups. This pattern of transmission risk in the middle of the forest cover gradient appeared in both sets,” the biologist explained to Agência FAPESP.
Laporta, a professor at the FMABC Medical School University Center, has been researching malaria for over ten years. FAPESP supported the study through a Young Investigator Grant, an Amazônia+10 Call for Proposals grant, and a doctoral scholarship.
In the project, the scientists aim to better understand the persistent cycles of malaria, Chagas disease, and cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the context of deforestation. To this end, they are working with integrated geoprocessing modeling and remote sensing technologies combined with information on the incidence of human parasites and the levels of Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, Trypanosoma spp., and Leishmania spp. infection in mosquitoes. In total, the project will involve five years of monitoring, with completion scheduled for 2027.
Step-by-step science
In 2021, a group of scientists, including Laporta, published an article in Scientific Reports with findings from a longitudinal spatiotemporal study based on data collected in rural Amazonian settlements. The study showed a higher risk of malaria associated with deforestation.
Two peaks in vector occurrence were detected: the first, involving Plasmodium vivax, Nyssorhynchus darlingi, and local vectors, occurred between 10 and 12 years after the settlements began. The second peak occurred between 36 and 38 years later; however, local vectors were absent, and the other two types were prevalent.
Another study showed that changes to the Amazonian landscape reduced the overall diversity of mosquitoes, allowing Nyssorhynchus darlingi to become dominant.
Constant battle
Deforestation is one of the main causes of malaria spread in endemic countries such as Brazil. Other causes include changes in prevalent mosquito types, loss of biodiversity, and large infrastructure projects that modify natural landscapes, such as hydroelectric plants, mining activities, and urbanization.
Climate change has exacerbated the situation by creating conditions more favorable to the proliferation of mosquitoes through rising temperatures, combined with intense rains and droughts. Measures that can be taken to address these cases include health surveillance systems, attention to the most vulnerable populations, and rapid responses to natural disasters.
In recognition of the fact that the climate crisis directly impacts population health and the need to integrate these two agendas, the presidency of COP30, which will take place in November in Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, has included health in its thematic days.
“Environmental and public health issues seem far apart, but they’re closely connected. One way to intervene in areas such as those we studied would be to promote sustainable initiatives that provide income for residents. Conserved forests have valuable products, but they tend to be less profitable than opening up the land for pasture or agricultural use. Payment for ecosystem services, through the carbon market, for example, may be an alternative. A conference such as COP30, which brings together government officials and decision-makers, can be an opportunity to discuss how we’ll replace today’s modus operandi,” Laporta comments.
Malaria is considered a global public health problem and is endemic in the nine states of the Legal Amazon. According to the Ministry of Health, the region accounted for 138,000 of the 142,000 cases registered in the country in 2024.
Through the National Malaria Elimination Plan, Brazil has committed to reaching less than 14,000 cases by 2030 and achieving the final goal by 2035.
The study’s researchers warn that eliminating malaria requires effective treatments and comprehensive vector control strategies. They suggest making the environment less favorable to Anopheles vectors by maintaining biodiversity in conserved forest areas as a potential solution. “The combination of these ecological factors with improved treatment protocols can leverage malaria elimination efforts,” they write in the article.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 263 million cases of the disease and 597,000 associated deaths worldwide in 2023. About 95% of these deaths occurred in African countries, where access to prevention, detection, and treatment services is still limited.
Individual prevention can be achieved by using mosquito nets and screens to protect against mosquitoes, as well as repellents. Collective measures include sanitation work, filling vector breeding sites, and improving the living conditions of vulnerable populations.
The disease causes fever, chills, tremors, sweating, and headaches. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, bleeding, and altered consciousness. In Brazil, patients usually receive outpatient treatment from the SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), the national public health network.
About São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is a public institution with the mission of supporting scientific research in all fields of knowledge by awarding scholarships, fellowships and grants to investigators linked with higher education and research institutions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. FAPESP is aware that the very best research can only be done by working with the best researchers internationally. Therefore, it has established partnerships with funding agencies, higher education, private companies, and research organizations in other countries known for the quality of their research and has been encouraging scientists funded by its grants to further develop their international collaboration. You can learn more about FAPESP at www.fapesp.br/en and visit FAPESP news agency at www.agencia.fapesp.br/en to keep updated with the latest scientific breakthroughs FAPESP helps achieve through its many programs, awards and research centers. You may also subscribe to FAPESP news agency at http://agencia.fapesp.br/subscribe.
JOURNAL
Acta Tropica
ARTICLE TITLE
Intermediate forest cover and malaria risk in an Amazon deforestation frontier
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
30-Jul-2025
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